Showing posts with label colorado. Show all posts
Showing posts with label colorado. Show all posts

Wednesday, June 5, 2019

Research & Sources for A History of Sake Brewing in the U.S.

Research & Source Notes for A History of Sake Brewing in the U.S.

First, please note that the original version of this article was posted in April 2015, and has seen multiple expansions/revisions over the years due to additional research. My research hasn't stopped so there will likely be additional expansions/revisions in the future.

Second, the information within this article has been gathered from over 200 sources, including newspapers, journals, books, websites, and more. Some articles I found were reprinted in multiple newspapers but I've only included the earliest publication of the article. I also have some additional sources which I haven't yet used, but will in the future.

Third, although all of this information is readily available to any diligent researcher, gathering all of the relevant information is a laborious and time consuming activity, which requires searching through many thousands of potential articles, especially in old newspaper archives. It takes much dedication and discipline to put together all of the tidbits of information into a coherent whole. However, I find it quite satisfying.

Fourth, the basic idea behind this article is to illuminate a history of Sake which hadn't been previously explored in any depth. It also hopes to correct some historical misconceptions, especially concerning the identity of the first U.S. Sake brewery. The article is also a way to pay homage to the numerous passionate people who contributed to producing Sake in the U.S. throughout our country's history.

Fifth, I'm proud that an earlier version of this history formed a foundation for a scholarly journal article in Japan.

Sixth, more research is certainly needed, and I'm continuing my own efforts. In addition, on-site research is warranted as well, such as visiting city and town halls and delving through their records.  If you possess any additional information about the history of Sake brewing in the U.S., please contact me.


NEWSPAPERS

Berkeley Daily Gazette
January 10, 1905; July 23, 1906 

The Capital
December 6, 1902

Chicago Tribune
August 7, 1941; June 30, 1980

Connorsville Daily Examiner (IN)
April 4, 1892

Decatur Daily Democrat (IN)
April 8, 1892

Evening Bulletin
June 16, 1896; December 14, 1897; April 6, 1898; August 1909; October 30, 1909

Evening Star
April 5, 1895; July 7, 1896; July 6, 1897

The Garden Island
April 23, 1918

The Hawaiian Gazette
June 16, 1896; January 31, 1902; September 8, 1905; June 30, 1908; November 4, 1913; August 14, 1917

The Hawaii Herald
October 11, 1918

Hawaii Tribune-Herald
November 8, 1918; April 6, 1920; December 24, 1921; January 2, 1935; February 5, 1935; April 4, 1935; May 14, 1935; May 24, 1935; December 20, 1938; May 1, 1940; April 9, 1950

The Hawaiian Star
June 16, 1896; March 21, 1905; April 28, 1908; July 10, 1908; February 13, 1909

Hilo Daily Tribune
May 17, 1918; March 7, 1919; July 24, 1921

The Honolulu Advertiser
July 9, 1908; September 5, 1908; November 16, 1908; January 8, 1909; January 27, 1909; September 22, 1913; April 28, 1914; April 11, 1916; June 8, 1916; July 6, 1916; August 6, 1918; March 3, 1919; March 4, 1919; March 5, 1919; August 4, 1920; December 19, 1928; January 26, 1934; February 10, 1934; February 16, 1934; February 22, 1934; October 27, 1934; May 18, 1937; January 14, 1938; June 30, 1939; August 28, 1945; June 20, 1948; November 14, 1948; April 19, 1961; September 18, 1961; December 1, 1961; January 1, 1962; September 8, 1967; December 13, 1968; January 17, 1971; November 16, 1978

Honolulu Ke Alakai O Hawaii
February 18, 1937

Honolulu Republican
August 1, 1901

The Honolulu Star-Advertiser
February 7, 1904; May 27, 1904

Honolulu Star-Bulletin
November 23, 1912; December 31, 1912; May 5, 1913; March 23, 1914; December 31, 1914; September 24, 1915; February 14, 1916; March 2, 1916; July 8, 1916; August 10, 1917; August 13, 1917; August 29, 1917; September 12, 1917; September 20, 1917; October 29, 1917; March 5, 1918; March 8, 1918; March 9, 1918; April 10, 1918; April 13, 1918; May 9, 1918; June 13, 1918; May 24, 1921; December 19, 1928; September 2, 1933; January 27, 1934; February 14, 1934; February 19, 1934; February 21, 1934; September 21, 1934; October 26, 1934; December 7, 1934; January 9, 1935; February 27, 1935; November 30, 1935; December 9, 1935; September 28, 1937; November 7, 1939; August 22, 1941; June 19, 1948; September 15, 1952; January 19, 1957; December 2, 1959; April 19, 1961; August 14, 1967; September 22, 1967; February 18, 1969; March 29, 1976

The Independent
March 6, 1897

The Inter Ocean (IL)
April 5, 1892

Kawai Shinpo
May 28, 1940

La Verne Leader (CA)
September 24, 1970

Las Vegas Sun
May 8, 1969

Los Angeles Herald
April 6, 1895; August 18, 1895; July 26, 1901; November 22, 1905; July 12, 1906; May 19, 1908; October 9, 1908;  February 11, 1909; June 26, 1909

Mariposa Gazette
June 3, 1905

The Maui News
July 18, 1908

New York Daily Herald
June 27, 1854

Nichebei Shinbun
May 26, 1934; September 10, 1934

Oak Park Times (IL)
November 19, 1901

Oakland Tribune
February 20, 1906; September 21, 1907

Oregon City Banner Courier
March 30, 1922

Oxnard Press Courier (CA)
April 7, 1965

The Pacific Commercial Advertiser
June 16, 1896; March 6, 1897; April 6, 1898; January 29, 1908; September 5, 1908; January 8, 1909; January 27, 1909

Pacific Rural Press
March 14, 1896; June 20, 1896

Pittsburg Dispatch
April 7, 1892

Pittsburgh Daily Post
September 13, 1854

The Press Democrat
November 27, 1945

Reading Eagle
March 3, 1971

Rochester Daily Republican (IN)
April 7, 1892

Sacramento Daily Union
February 18, 1856; July 31, 1897

San Diego Union
July 15, 1934

San Dimas Press (CA)
October 9, 1968

San Francisco Call
November 16, 1894; June 28, 1896; July 20, 1901; August 13, 1901; February 26, 1904; May 27, 1904; July 8, 1904; March 17, 1905; June 2, 1905; June 7, 1905; May 24, 1906; July 11, 1906; December 12, 1906; February 3, 1907; November 12, 1907; January 9, 1908; January 31, 1908; April 16, 1908; April 28, 1908; May 8, 1908; May 13, 1908; May 19, 1908; December 1, 1908;  March 22, 1909; January 4, 1910; December 18, 1910; January 23, 1911; June 6, 1911

San Francisco Chronicle
January 16, 1915; November 26, 1942

The San Francisco Examiner
March 24, 1918; March 30, 1979

The Seattle Star
March 14, 1921

The Times-Picayune
March 13, 1856

The Tribune
February 28, 1971

Wailuku Maui News
October 8, 1941

Weekly National Intelligencer
November 5, 1853

The Weekly Star (NC)
April 15, 1892

JOURNALS

American Brewers' Review
Volume 20, January 1, 1906; Volume 23, January 1, 1909; Volume 29, January 1915; Volume 31, January 1917

Merck’s Report
Vol.14, 1905

BOOKS

American Breweries II by Dale P. Van Wieren (1995)

It Came from Berkeley: How Berkeley Changed the World by Dave Weinstein (2008)

History of Alameda County, California, Vol.2 (1883)

Prisoners of War: Archaeology, Memory, and Heritage of 19th- and 20th-Century Mass Internment edited by Harold Mytum & Gilly Carr (2012)

The Food of Paradise: Exploring Hawaii's Culinary Heritage by Rachel Laudan (1996)

Voices from the Canefields: Folksongs from Japanese Immigrant Workers in Hawai'i by Franklin Odo (2013)

Encyclopedia of Japanese American History by Japanese American National Museum (2000)

Japanese in America by E. Manchester Boddy (1921)

WEBSITES

http://www.oldbreweries.com

http://www.pre-pro.com/Edmonson/pages/HSG92.html

http://www.japantownatlas.com/share/SanJose_Jtown_1940.pdf

http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10524/604/JL31149.pdf

http://brucemobley.com/beerbottlelibrary/ca/sanfrancisco/japan.htm

http://www.gekkeikan.co.jp/pdf/brochure_english.pdf

http://www.nichibei.org/2014/09/book-sheds-light-on-san-jose-japantowns-rich-history-and-culture/

http://www.sanjoseca.gov/DocumentCenter/View/26304

http://www.sanjoseinside.com/2006/01/30/beer_making_in_san_jose_part_one/

http://www.soyinfocenter.com/pdf/146/JAD.pdf

http://www.economist.com/node/151984

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jrbh2004/21/0/21_0_33/_pdf

Tuesday, October 16, 2012

Boston Cocktail Summit: Resurrection Of An Icon-Rum On The Rise

"Alcohol is all about escapism."
--Karen Hoskin 

For many people, Rum brings to mind tropical drinks in the Caribbean. Yet Rum involves much more than just the Caribbean and New England was also once a hot spot for rum production. In a previous post, Rum: A Brief History & Trivia, I discussed some of the history of this intriguing spirit. Yet the origins of rum may extend much further back in time, at least according to Karen Hoskin of Montanya Rum.

Karen led a free seminar, Resurrection Of An Icon--Rum On The Rise, discussing its history, the various styles, ingredients, production, cocktails and more. In addition, she discussed a bit about her own rum distillery and rum bars in Colorado. You can read my previous review of her two rums, the Oro Dark Rum and Platino Light Rum. Karen provided some very intriguing information about the history of rum and it was a worthy seminar.

It all began with India. On a beach in Goa, India, Karen began her relationship with rum, sipping some Old Monk Rum and having an epiphany of sorts. As the importer is located in Massachusetts, Old Monk is available locally. In the conventional history, sugarcane allegedly originated in New Guinea around 6000 BC and spread from there to the rest of the world, though Karen believes that sugercane may have also developed independently in India, and that it was an East India strain that led to its hybridization.

In addition, Karen feels, and she is supported by other historians, that India may have produced the first sugarcane based alcohol, the ancestor to modern rum. The ancient Malay people also produced a sugarcane based alcohol that they called "Brum." Interesting how that name is so similar to "rum." During the travels of Marco Polo, he spoke of a sugarcane based alcohol he encountered in Iran. Our more modern rum industry spread from Brazil in the 1620s, to the Caribbean in the 1650s and then New England in the 1660s.

There are two primary rum production ntraditions, that of the islands and that of the mountains, sea level versus higher elevations. Rum also varies by the main ingredient, such as molasses, processed sugarcane juice, or raw cane. Island rums are often molasses based, and it needs to be noted that molasses has a high sulfur content, which can be dulled with age. Island rum also ages quickly and can emit a bit of sulfur on the finish. The quality of the water used to produce rum is also very important.

When producing Montanya Rum, Karen decided to produce a rum in the mountain tradition and using raw cane. Raw cane lacks any sulfurous by products and Ron Zacapa is one of the other rum distilleries that produces a raw cane rum. Montanya Rum uses sugarcane from Maui, Hawaii, which is traceable from a labor union sugarcane farm. Sustainability has become a growing concern for Karen. A $4000 pallet of raw cane will create a couple thousand bottles of rum, a higher yield than they once produced. Colorado water, from a 350 feet deep well, is used, which has a good minerality and would work well to produce any type of spirit.

The distillery is more of an old style facility, using two alembic copper pots from Portugal. They produce about 90,000 bottles of rum annually, split equally between Oro and Platino. Most of their rum is sold in Colorado but it is currently available in 37 states, with major growth in Southern California. The new markets of Atlanta and Las Vegas are also showing potential.

Karen also briefly categorized the history of rum cocktails into four main types: Islands (with tropical fruits), Tiki (with different herbs), Classic (Cuba playing a major role) and Contemporary (with a culinary edge). Karen and Brice Hoskins own 2 rum bars and the only rum sold at those bars are their own two rums. They have over 100 cocktail recipes, and all of those recipes can be found on their website. Their best selling rum cocktail, outselling all others by 2 to 1, is the Maharaja, which is made from fresh ginger, chai spices, and the Oro Dark Rum. We got to try this cocktail and it did have a pleasant spicy edge to it.

Tonight, why not make a rum cocktail and escape.

Friday, October 12, 2012

Boston Cocktail Summit: Spirit Recommendations

You can't have a conference dedicated to spirits and cocktails unless you provide plenty to taste and drink. At the Boston Cocktail Summit, they certainly provided ample opportunity for tasting and drinking, from some of the seminars to the evening parties. In addition, there was a Craft & Fine Spirits Showcase, separated into a Grand Tasting Room and a Craft Distiller's Hall, where a myriad of spirits and cocktails were presented for sampling.

I spent several hours on Saturday sampling in these two rooms, generally passing on those spirits I already knew, seeking out the different, interesting, unique and unusual. Tasting so many spirits is not an easy task, as even if you spit, you still absorb some of the alcohol. It is more difficult than wine tasting due to the much higher alcohol content of the spirits. Fortunately, both rooms had some snacks to help cleanse your palate and absorb some of the alcohol. Plus, taking a lunch break, a burger and tater tots, helped keep me going for  more tasting in the afternoon.

This is a great time in the spirits world, and there has never been a greater number and diversity of artisan and high-end spirits available. No matter what your preference, you can find plenty to please your palate. And if you are adventurous, you will find much to satisfy you, much to delight and tantalize you. I am going to highlight some of the alcohols which most impressed and excited me, those which intrigued me because of their uniqueness and fine taste. I may follow up on some of these spirits in the future, to gain more information about their creation, and if so, I will report back.


Let me start with some local spirits. I previously toured Turkey Shore Distilleries, sampling three of their rums. At the Summit, they presented their newest offering, which had only been bottled less than a week before. The Old Ipswich Golden Marsh Spiced Rum, a limited edition, is basically a blend of 80% of their White Cap rum and 20% of their Tavern Style Amber with the addition of ten different spices. Master Distiller Evan Parker says, "With the cooler weather, we created a flavor profile that is perfect for those crisp days out and about or for those cold nights by the fire."

The rum presents a bright, golden yellow color and a spicy aroma, which will bring to mind autumn and cool weather. It has a smooth taste, with delicious fall spice notes and hints of orange peel. This is definitely a rum to enjoy now, either on its own or in a cocktail. Evan states, "For a simple, tasty cocktail, you can pair Golden Marsh Spiced Rum with ginger beer or hot cider." I could easily see this rum added to some hot cider.

They also had an intriguing cocktail to taste, which was made from the Golden Marsh Spiced rum, caramel, butterscotch liqueur, and spiced apple cider, topped with a Pumpkin Munchkin. The rum complemented this drink very much and I think apple cider is a great pairing. The guys from Turkey Shore, Mat Perry and Evan Parker have created another winner.

Grand Ten Distilling is another local distillery, located in South Boston, and Luke O'Neil has just written an interesting article in The Phoenix about this distillery. For background on the distillery, you should check out his article though it only discusses their Wire Works Gin (which I did not taste). I tasted three of their other products and found all three to be interesting.

The Amandine Barrel Aged Almond Liqueur spends about 6 months in 30 gallon American oak barrels. They use 30 gallon barrels as it is easier for two people to move them around rather than the usual 53 gallon barrels. The barrels are toasted, not charred, as they do not want the barrels to filter out any of the taste. All the color of liqueur is due to the barrels. The liqueur had a pleasant almond taste, not too sweet, and would make a fine addition to a cocktail. The Angelica Botanical Liqueur is made with angelica root, cinnamon, orange peel and cloves. It too is not sweet, but is aromatic and floral with a fresh, clean taste and slight hints of spice. Another liqueur that would add interesting flavors and aromas to a cocktail. The Fire Puncher Fire Vodka has a hickory smoked and pepper flavor, and I found the peppery notes to be far more prominent than the mild smokiness. It is farily easy drinking and would be great in a Bloody Mary.

Another local company, in Somerville, is Infusion Diabolique which is a collaboration between Executive Chef Robert Fathman and Brandon Bach, both who worked at Azure. They produce infused alcohols and at the Summit showcased two of them, their bourbon and tequila, though it appears they also make an infused rum. They are all infused with natural fruits, herbs and spices.

The Infusion Diabolioque Kentucky uses a four year old bourbon and infuses it with dried organic Black Mission figs, Madagascar & Tahitian vanilla, cinnamon, star anise, black currants, cloves, and allspice. It smells like typical bourbon with subtle spicy notes and on the palate, the bourbon flavor is enhanced by subtle fruit flavors with a pleasant melange of spices. It was smooth and easy drinking, and would satisfy you on its own, though it would do well in a cocktail too. The Infusion Diabolioque Mixto is a silver tequila infused with sweet pineapple, Persian limes, cardamon, and mint. Up front, the usual tequila flavors are most prominent, but it then transforms into a more complex blend with some tropical fruit accents and subtle mint. The finish is smooth and long, with hints of lime. Again, it would work well on its own or in a cocktail.

Dunc's Mill is the oldest continuously operating distillery in Vermont. The founder, Duncan Holaday, previously created Vermont Spirits but now has moved on to creating local rum. He currently produces two rums, both which are made from Fair Trade, organic sugar cane and Vermont flavors. The Elderflower Flavored Rum is created with Vermont elderflower blossoms and Austrian elder essence, which is infused into a light rum. I was impressed with this rum, which possessed a delightful floral aroma, and on the palate was smooth, clean and dry with a prominent, but not overwhelming, taste of elderflower. It was a well balanced spirit which reminded me somewhat of a dry version of St. Germain Elderflower Liqueur. I am not a huge fan of maple flavor but their Maple Flavored Rum, made from Vermont maple syrup, was pleasant. It was dry and possessed a milder maple profile, once again also smooth and clean. Another well balanced spirit, you should check out both these rums.

In 2006, the Consejo Regulador Del Tequila (CRT), the ruling tequila body in Mexico, added a couple new tequila categories: Extra Anejo and Infused Blanco TequilaTanteo has taken advantage ot the later of the two categories and currently produces three Infused 100% De Agave Tequilas ($36-$40). Their inspiration was the fruit cups, topped with chiles, they found in Mexico. Their blanco tequilas, Jalapeno, Cocoa and Tropical, are infused with natural ingredients, such as organic jalapenos.

Their Jalapeno was my favorite of the three, and it is produced by infusing organic jalapenos, hand-sliced, which are mixed in a 10,000 gallon tank with the tequila. On the nose, there is some grassy notes as well as the typical agave, and on the palate, the tequila flavor was very prominent up front. On the finish, rather than the usual tequila bite, you ended up with a spicy and delicious jalapeno burn. It was not overly spicy, but very noticeable and I loved that heat. I could easily enjoy this on its own though it would make great cocktails as well.

The Cocoa is made with roasted, malted and raw cocoa, like a traditional mole, and has a little jalapeno added as well. It presented a strong cocoa flavor atop the tequila notes, a strange combo that actually worked, and certainly was intriguing, though not my personal preference for a spirit. Yet I could see it working well in the right cocktail. The only issue is that I didn't get much of a jalapeno kick to this tequila. The Tropical is infused with pineapple, mango, and guanabana, also known as soursop, and there was a little jalapeno added too. The tropical fruits added subtle flavors, enhancing the tequila, though again the jalapeno wasn't really assertive. I could see this tequila working well in a tropical cocktail.

The Macchu Pisco La Diablada is intended to be a high-end Peruvian Pisco and is currently not available in the U.S. but that will hopefully change soon. They only make 1000 bottles so even when it becomes available, it will be in very limited supply. La Diablada is a blend of 3 Pisco grapes: Quebranta, Moscatel and Italia. It is rested, not aged, for about 18 months and sees no oak. It is very aromatic with a smooth taste of herbs and fruit, with some underlying spiciness. A complex taste with a lengthy and pleasing finish. Though many know of the Pisco Sour, this is a Pisco that you might want to enjoy on its own, rather than as the base for a cocktail.

I love a good bourbon and the Rock Hill Farms Bourbon, produced at Buffalo Trace, really excited my palate. It is a single barrel, Kentucky Straight bourbon that is 100 proof, though you probably won't notice the alcohol is that high. It is an excellent sipping bourbon, smooth, complex and absolutely delicious with nice vanilla notes and intriguing spicy elements on the finish. This is definitely a bourbon I will add to my home bar.

Brendan Edwards of Third Wave Brands, a supplier of spirits and wines, presented several different brands (including Montanya Distillers, Delirio de Oaxaca, and Cariel Vodka) and I found them compelling.

Montanya Distillers, owned by Karen & Brice Hoskin, was founded in 2008 and is now located in Crested Butte, Colorado. which is is the West Elk Mountain range of southwest Colorado. They currently produce two rums, the Platino Light Rum and Oro Dark Rum. The rums are all natural, each made with only four ingredients, including water, sugar cane, yeast and honey. The water comes from Colorado mountain springs while the sugar cane is from Maui, Hawaii. At the time of bottling, a tiny bit of Colorado mountain honey is added to the rum.

The Oro is aged in a fresh, American oak whiskey barrel that previously held Stranahan's Colorado Whiskey. The Oro was a fine sipping rum, with a pleasant blend of flavors, including vanilla, honey, caramel, and mocha hints. I really enjoyed it and would drink it both straight or in a cocktail. The Platino is aged in a barrel that once aged Oro, so the barrel has far less effect on the rum. The Platino is also filtered and I found it to be very aromatic, a lighter rum with vanilla and herbal notes. For me, it would be best used in a cocktail.

Delirio de Oaxaca is a traditional palenque in Matatlan, Oaxaca, producing Mezcal by Master Distiller Fernando Santibanez. The Mezcal Joven is double distilled in copper alembics from 100% Agave Espadin and only 10,000 bottles were produced. It had an intriguing smoky nose with a prominent taste of agave fruit and a mild smokiness. Quite tasty and I could drink it on its own or in a cocktail. The Mezcal Reposado has been aged for about 4 months in lightly toasted American oak and only 5000 bottles were produced. It had a lighter nose of smoke, and on the palate it was softer and more subtle, with the same delicious fruit flavors and hints of smoke. Again, another winner.

Cariel Vodka was created by Master Blender Peter Carlson in Sweden, who desired to create a vodka with natural flavor and the product just came on the U.S. market in July. It is produced from Swedish winter wheat and barley, as well as glacial water from Lake Vattern. I found the vodka to have an almost subtle sweetness to the aroma, with an intriguing and smooth taste, elements of herbs, grain, and subtle peach flavors. It is definitely not a tasteless vodka but rather presents an enticing melange of subtle tastes. I was impressed. They also produce a Vanilla Vodka, made with the addition of vanilla from Southern India and Madagascar. It had a big, bold vanilla aroma and flavor, yet it remains only mildly sweet, not cloying like many other flavored vodkas. I can see this working well in the right cocktail.

Koval Distillery, founded in 2008, was the first craft distillery in Chicago since Prohibition. The founders, Robert and Sonat Birnecker, gave up their academic careers to create the distillery. Using custom-made Kothe potsills, they produce organic and kosher liqueurs and whiskey. The whiskey is made in small batches from 100% Midwest organic grain from Midwest and aged in 30 gallon organic oak from a Minnesota cooperage.

My favorite of the three I tasted was the Lion's Pride Dark Rye, made from 100% Rye. It presented nice vanilla and bold spice flavors with hints of citrus. A nice sipping whiskey. The Lion's Pride Dark Millet had a more earthy flavor with vanilla accents. The Lion's Pride 47th Ward is made from a mash bill of rye, wheat, oat and malted barley, and is aged in heavily charred oak. Each grain is distilled separately. This is a complex and spicy whiskey, but at 94 proof, you probably need to add a little water to mute some of the alcoholic heat.


In general, I am not much of a Gin guy because I find too many gins with a strong juniper taste. But, I have found myself enjoying much more the ancestor to gin, Genever, which is made with numerous botanicals and where any juniper flavor is far more subtle. Veronique Beittel is the owner of Flemish Lion, an importing company, based in Vermont, of Belgium Genever. She even has an informative website of information about Genever. At the Summit, she was showcasing two Genevers from Diep9.

The Diep Young Genever is distilled using 19th century techniques, hand crafted in a traditional copper pot at De Moor, Belgium's smallest family owned distillery. It is produced with a combination of rye, wheat, malted barley, and nine botanicals. Those botanicals include juniper berries, sweet orange peel, blessed thistle, carob, nutmeg, guinea pepper, angelica root, cinnamon and coriander. I liked the herbal blend on this spirit, which was relatively smooth and easy drinking. I think the key was the balance of the botanicals, that none of them seemed to overpower the others. The Diep9 Old Genever is distilled using 16th century techniques and is barrel aged for two years in French oak. It is also packaged in an old style clay bottle. Though it too has a balanced, herbal taste there is also a deeper, earthier element, which really intrigued me. Try these Genevers and let them open your eyes to the possibilities.

Palm Bay International is a distributor of wines and spirits and they showcased several of their products at the Summit, from mezcal to whiskey.

Los Amantes, which translates as "the lovers" and is inspired by an ancient Aztec legend, produces Mezcal  made of 100% agave from Oaxaca. Only a small supply of this traditionally produced spirit is available in the U.S. The Joven has about 2 months of barrel aging and the nose had a mild smokiness with a bit of brininess as well. On the palate, it was smokier, with strong fruit flavors and a nice smoothness to the finish. Delicious and easy drinking. The Reposado has been aged for about 6 months in American oak and its taste was superb, a complex melange of flavors, smokiness and subtle accents of fruit. An excellent sipping spirit, it is highly recommended.

The Bastille 1789 is a French blended whisky hand-crafted in the Cognac region and produced from barley and wheat grown in northeast France. Their water derives from the Gensac Spring and it is naturally filtered through limestone. It has been finished in French Limousin oak casks. It was an intriguing whiskey, with a complex blend of flavors, with orange notes, dried fruits, honey and Christmas spices. There was a mild earthy backbone, and it was smooth and easy drinking with a satisfying finish.

The Irishman, founded in 1999 by Bernard and Rosemary Walsh, produce a line of Irish whiskey based products. The Original Clan is a pot still blend of 70% single malt and 30% pure pot still. It was triple distilled and matured in bourbon casks. This was produced in a pre-Prohibition style and is said be be a "gateway" Irish whiskey. This is a delightful sipping whiskey, with delicious flavors of caramel, honey, vanilla and butterscotch as well as slight undertones of pepper and spice. It goes down so easy and lingers in your mouth for a long time. I can understand why so many people will enjoy this whiskey.

The Single Malt is produced from 100% malted barley, was triple distilled and then matured in first-fill bourbon and sherry oak casks. Only 1000 cases of this whiskey were made. This is a more serious whiskey, being complex, subtle and intriguing. There is less sweetness than the Original Clan and a bit more spice, and the finish is even longer and more pleasing. This is definitely a whiskey to slowly sip and savor, and will appeal to whiskey aficionados.

The Superior Irish Cream is a blend of real Irish cream and 100% Irish whiskey, with added hints of vanilla and toffee. All of the ingredients are natural and it does not contain any thickening agents or artificial ingredients. It is based on an old family recipe and was a satisfying pleasure. There is a thick, creaminess to the drink and the whiskey flavors are not hidden in the least. It does not taste artificial in any way, and with winter approaching, you might want to stock up on a couple bottles for those chilly evenings. Add a bit to your coffee or tea, or just drink it on its own.